THE EFFECTS OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY TO R&B MUSIC IN INDONESIA
Keywords:
Music, Music Industry, Music Genre, R&B, Digital Platforms, Spotify
Abstract
Music plays an essential role in forming the development of culture throughout the world. Music takes part in human’s everyday life, whether in the form of songs, films, televisions, advertisements and any other form, because it attracts attention and creates pleasure. Aside from the history, music has its own categorization called “genre”. Music genre is the grouping of music according to the similarities between each other. Music genres can be defined through music techniques, styles, contexts, rhythm, and themes. However, the existence of R&B music is still less popular in Indonesian society, and not even included in the top ten most preferred genre. Various reasons behind this facts might be because R&B is not easy-listening kind of music compared to Pop and another popular genre in Indonesia. Along with the development of technology, not only photo albums or videotapes are disappearing from the market, physical releases of music such as LPs and tapes are also increasingly difficult to find. Music streaming services has changed the industry of music. The history of music streaming services is start at 1993 with an online free music library called the Internet Underground Music Archive (IUMA). Spotify birth marked as the start of paid music streaming services as various online music streaming was also launch their services, such as Apple Music, Joox, and Deezer. Nowadays, listening to songs through streaming music services is become the new trend among youngster. Many music lovers start switching from listening to music from mp3 to streaming music services. With this trend, many streaming music application developers are competing to make their application to be the best. This research intends to pursue the rising influence of digital music streaming platforms on the genre of R&B music in Indonesia. because this research can be seen from a broader perspective, the researcher will only consider the effects of digital streaming to the Indonesian music industry. thus, this study will discuss on the lack of R&B music popularity.
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References
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I Gusti Agung Dian Wintara, R. M. (2017). Simulasi dan Analisis Klasifikasi Genre Musik Berbasis Support Vector Machine. e-Proceeding of Engineering, 1733-1744.
I.S., I. (2011). Budaya Populer sebagai Komunikasi. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
International Federation of Phonographic Industry. (2018). Global Music Report
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Leyshon, A., 2001. Time – space (and digital) compression: software formats, musical networks, and the reorganisation of the music industry. Environment and Planning A, volume 33, pp. 49-77.
Leyshon, A., Webb, P., French, S., Thrift, N. and Crewe, L. (2005). On the reproduction of the musical economy after the Internet. Media, Culture & Society, 27(2), pp.177-209.
McCubbin, M. (2012). The Aftermath of Aftermath: The Impact of Digital Music Distribution on the Recording Industry. University of New Hampshire Law Review , 323.
McLuhan, M. (2001). Data Culture Generation: After Content, Process as Aesthetic". Journal of the International Sosciety for the Arts, Science and Techonology , 338.
Merrit Roe Smith, L. M. (1994). Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism. Masschussets: Massachusets Institute of Technology.
Muttaqin, M. (2006). Musik Dangdut dan Keberadaannya di Masyarakat: Tinjauan dari Segi Sejarah dan Perkembangannya. Harmonia Jurnal Pengetahuan dan Pemikiran Seni, 4-7.
Naldo. (2016). Musik Indie sebagai Perlawanan Terhadap Industri Musik Mainstream Indonesia. Tesis Universitas Indonesia, 58.
Palit, A. (2010, November 22). Pentingnya Musik bagi Kehidupan. Retrieved from Tribunners: http://www.tribunnews.com/tribunners/2010/11/22/pentingnya-musik-bagi-kehidupan
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Rismawan, S. A. (2014). Ekspresi Musikal dan Fungsi Musik Saestu Band Reggae. Jurnal Seni Musik, 2-5.
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Savage, S. (2011). The Art of Digital Audio Recording: A Practical Guide for Home and Studio. Oxford University Press, 3-7.
Shuker, R. (2011). Understanding Popular Music. London: Routledge.
Skala Survei Indonesia. (2017, January 1). Jenis Musik yang Disukai Publik Indonesia. Retrieved from Skala Survei Indonesia: http://www.skalasurveiindonesia.com/jenis-musik-yangdicintai-publik-indonesia/
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Sun, H. (2019). Digital revolution tamed. Belfast.
Scholes, P. (1978). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. London: Oxford University Press
Szwed, J. F. (2008). Memahami dan Menikmati Jazz. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Turkmen, D. (2011). Thoughts on Technological Determinism and Cultural Materialism. Selcukartut, 1.
Van Middendorp, S. (2009). Value Networks in Organization Theory: An Overview. Ph.D. Fielding Graduate University.
Vazquez, R. (2017). The music industry in the dawn of the 21st century: Networking for a thriving music industry. Knowledge Works National Centre for Cultural Industries, [online] 05. Availableat: https://kunnskapsverket.org/sites/default/files/reports/the_music_industry_ricardo_alvarez_2017.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2019].
Wallach, J. (2008). Modern Noise, Fluid Genres. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Widhyatama, S. (2012). Pola Imbal Gamelan Bali dalam Kelompok Musik Perkusi Cooperland. Jurnal Seni Musik, 59-61.
Wyatt, S. (2008). The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies: Technological Determinism is Dead; Long Live Technological Determinism. London: MIT Press.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4 ed.). Los Angeles, CA:
Sage.
Yu, Dan; Hang, Chang Chieh (2010): A Reflective Review of Disruptive Innovation Theory. In International Journal of Management Reviews 12 (4), pp. 435–452.
Academy, J. (2019, June 1). How Technology Has Changed Music Production. Retrieved from JMC Academy: https://www.jmcacademy.edu.au/news/how-technology-has-changed-music-production
Alderman, J. (2001). Sonic Boom: Napster, MP3, and the New Pioneers of Music. Cambridge: Perseus Press.
Anak Musik. (2015, September 1). Sejarah dan Perkembangan Musik di Dunia. Retrieved from Anak Musik: http://www.anakmusik.com/2015/09/sejarah-dan-perkembangan-musik-di-dunia.html
Anderson, W. D. (1994). Music and musicians in Ancient Greece.
Baškarada, S. (2014). Qualitative Case Study Guidelines. The Qualitative Report, 19(40).
Bimber, B. (1990). Working Paper: Karl Marx & The Three Faces of Technological Determinism. Massachusesets: MIT Press.
Binus. (2017, May 9). Sejarah dan Perkembangan Musik Dangdut di Indonesia. Retrieved from Binus University: http://scdc.binus.ac.id/band/2017/05/kumpulan-sejarah-sejarah-dan-perkembangan-musik-dangdut-di-indonesia/
Boschman, L. (2005). Exploring the Mysteries of Worship. London: Worship Institute.
Bower, J. L. & Christensen, C. M. 1995. Disruptive technologies: catching the wave.
Burgess, R. (2007). Technological Determinism and Urban Fragmentation: A Critical Analysis. School of the Built Environment from Oxford Brookes University, 2-3.
Byrne, D. (2007, December 18). David Byrne's Survival Strategies for Emerging Artist and Megastarts. Wired Magazine , p. 13.
Cermati. (2017, December 7). Pilih layanan musik streaming, mana yang lebih hemat? Retrieved from Cermati.com: https://www.cermati.com/artikel/pilih-layanan-musik-streaming-mana-yang-lebih-hemat
Christensen, C. M. 2006. The Ongoing Process of Building a Theory of Disruption. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23, 39-55.
Christensen, C. & Raynor, M. 2013. The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth, Harvard Business Review Press
Christensen, C., Raynor, M. and McDonald, R. (2015). What Is Disruptive Innovation?. Harvard Business Review, [online] pp.44-53. Available at: https://hbr.org/2015/12/what-is-disruptive-innovation [Accessed 19 Mar. 2019].
Clayton M. Christensen, M. E. R., And Rory McDonald 2015. What Is Disruptive Innovation? Harvard Business Review.
Croon, J. (1965). The Encyclopedia of Classical World. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Los Angeles: Sage.
Csiba, B. (2017). Disruptive Innovation in the Music Industry: How Can Incumbent Firms Survive Streaming? A Case Study. Master's. Utrecht School of Economics.
DailySocial.id. (2018). Online Music Streaming Survey 2018. DailySocial.id, 1-9.
Daniel Silver, M. L. (2016). Genre Complexes in Popular Music. PLOS One, 10-14.
DeGusta, M. (2011, February 18). The Real Death of the Music Industry. Business Insider , p. 13.
Devos, J. (2007). The Evolution of Hip-Hop Culture. Katho, 3.
Dillon, S. (2007). Music, Meaning and Transformation. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholar Publishing.
Fahma, R. Z. (2015). Apresiasi Siswa Terhadap Musik Rock. Universitas Negeri Semarang, 13-15.
Feld, S. (1984). Communication, music, and speech about music. Yearbook for Traditional Music, 16, 1-18.
Ghosemajumder, S. (2002). Digital Music Distribution. Digital Business Strategy Professional Seminar of Massaschusets Institute of Technology , 20.
Global Web Index. (2018). An Overview of Music Streaming in 2018. Global Web Index, 1-3.
Govindarajan, V. and Kopalle, P.K. (2006) ’The usefulness of measuring disruptiveness of innovations ex post in making ex ante predictions’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 23, pp.12–18.
Hauer, T. (2017). Technological Determinism and New Media. International Journal of English, Literature and Social Sciences, 2.
Haukur Palmason, B. P. (2017). Music Genre Classification Revisited: An In-Depth Examination Guided by Music Experts. Proc. of the 13th International Symposium on CMMR, 45-54.
Henderson, R. 2006. The innovator's dilemma as a problem of organizational competence. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 23, 5-11.
Herrman, J. (2009, April 17). How We Listen: A Timeline of Audio Formats. Retrieved from Gizmodo: https://gizmodo.com/how-we-listen-a-timeline-of-audio-formats-5216303
Hosoi, Tomo; Kim, Joseph; Stainken, Dennis; Caro, Felipe (2015): Disintermediation in the Recorded Music Supply Chain. UCLA Anderson Global Supply Chain Blog. Available online at
http://blogs.anderson.ucla.edu/global-supply-chain/2015/08/disintermediation-in-therecorded-music-supply-chain.html, checked on 6/18/2017.
Hull, G. P. (n.d.). The Recording Industry
I Gusti Agung Dian Wintara, R. M. (2017). Simulasi dan Analisis Klasifikasi Genre Musik Berbasis Support Vector Machine. e-Proceeding of Engineering, 1733-1744.
I.S., I. (2011). Budaya Populer sebagai Komunikasi. Yogyakarta: Jalasutra.
International Federation of Phonographic Industry. (2018). Global Music Report
Iriansyah, F. Y. (2018). Apa Beda Spotify dengan Apple Music, Joox, dan Deezer? TechInAsia, 1-4.
Kebudayaan, K. P. (2019, February 23). Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved from KBBI: https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id
Kisihandi, F. (2015, November 10). Toko Musik yang Tergilas Era Digital. Retrieved from Republika: https://republika.co.id/berita/koran/news-update/15/11/10/nxkz4a2-toko-musik-yang-tergilas-era-digital
Larsen, J. (n.d.). The Music Industry and Digital Music: Disruptive Technology and the Value Network Effects on Industry Incumbents. Master's. Copenhagen Business School.
Leyshon, A., 2001. Time – space (and digital) compression: software formats, musical networks, and the reorganisation of the music industry. Environment and Planning A, volume 33, pp. 49-77.
Leyshon, A., Webb, P., French, S., Thrift, N. and Crewe, L. (2005). On the reproduction of the musical economy after the Internet. Media, Culture & Society, 27(2), pp.177-209.
McCubbin, M. (2012). The Aftermath of Aftermath: The Impact of Digital Music Distribution on the Recording Industry. University of New Hampshire Law Review , 323.
McLuhan, M. (2001). Data Culture Generation: After Content, Process as Aesthetic". Journal of the International Sosciety for the Arts, Science and Techonology , 338.
Merrit Roe Smith, L. M. (1994). Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism. Masschussets: Massachusets Institute of Technology.
Muttaqin, M. (2006). Musik Dangdut dan Keberadaannya di Masyarakat: Tinjauan dari Segi Sejarah dan Perkembangannya. Harmonia Jurnal Pengetahuan dan Pemikiran Seni, 4-7.
Naldo. (2016). Musik Indie sebagai Perlawanan Terhadap Industri Musik Mainstream Indonesia. Tesis Universitas Indonesia, 58.
Palit, A. (2010, November 22). Pentingnya Musik bagi Kehidupan. Retrieved from Tribunners: http://www.tribunnews.com/tribunners/2010/11/22/pentingnya-musik-bagi-kehidupan
Palit, A. (2011, January 31). Tribunner. Retrieved from Budaya Musik dan Politik Kebudayaan: http://www.tribunnews.com/tribunners/2011/01/31/budaya-musik-dan-politik kebudayaan-2
Paul M. Leonardi, M. J. (2009). Technological Determinism and Discursive Closure in Organizational Mergers. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 615-617.
Purwadi. (2009). Seni Karawitan. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, 1-4.
Purwoaji, A. (2012, April 7). Rolling Stone. Retrieved from Lokananta: Menyelamatkan Musik Indonesia: http://rollingstone.co.id/read/2012/10/27/145255/2073969/1100/lokananta-menyelamatkan-musik-indonesia
Putranto, W. (2009). Music Biz: Manual Cerdas Menguasai Bisnis Musik. Yogyakarta: Bentang Pustaka.
Ramdani, R. S. (2013). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Blues Guitar Supplement Program Guna Meningkatkan Apresiasi Terhadap Musik Blues. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2-5.
Rismawan, S. A. (2014). Ekspresi Musikal dan Fungsi Musik Saestu Band Reggae. Jurnal Seni Musik, 2-5.
Sæle, H., & Eggen, M. (2017). Confronting Disruptive Innovations: a case Study of Statoil’s Business Unit New Energy Solutions (Master's). University of Oslo.
Salsabila, N. F. (2017, April 18). Bagaimana sejarah musik R&B di Indonesia? Retrieved from Dictio: https://www.dictio.id/t/bagaimana-sejarah-musik-r-b-di-indonesia/76117/2
Savage, S. (2011). The Art of Digital Audio Recording: A Practical Guide for Home and Studio. Oxford University Press, 3-7.
Shuker, R. (2011). Understanding Popular Music. London: Routledge.
Skala Survei Indonesia. (2017, January 1). Jenis Musik yang Disukai Publik Indonesia. Retrieved from Skala Survei Indonesia: http://www.skalasurveiindonesia.com/jenis-musik-yangdicintai-publik-indonesia/
Sobur, A. (2006). Semiotika Komunikasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosakarya.
Sugihandari. (2016, January 06). Industri Musik Redup oleh Digital. Retrieved from Kompas.com: https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2016/01/06/015503126/Industri.Musik.Redup.oleh.Digital
Sun, H. (2019). Digital revolution tamed. Belfast.
Scholes, P. (1978). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. London: Oxford University Press
Szwed, J. F. (2008). Memahami dan Menikmati Jazz. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Turkmen, D. (2011). Thoughts on Technological Determinism and Cultural Materialism. Selcukartut, 1.
Van Middendorp, S. (2009). Value Networks in Organization Theory: An Overview. Ph.D. Fielding Graduate University.
Vazquez, R. (2017). The music industry in the dawn of the 21st century: Networking for a thriving music industry. Knowledge Works National Centre for Cultural Industries, [online] 05. Availableat: https://kunnskapsverket.org/sites/default/files/reports/the_music_industry_ricardo_alvarez_2017.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2019].
Wallach, J. (2008). Modern Noise, Fluid Genres. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press.
Widhyatama, S. (2012). Pola Imbal Gamelan Bali dalam Kelompok Musik Perkusi Cooperland. Jurnal Seni Musik, 59-61.
Wyatt, S. (2008). The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies: Technological Determinism is Dead; Long Live Technological Determinism. London: MIT Press.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4 ed.). Los Angeles, CA:
Sage.
Yu, Dan; Hang, Chang Chieh (2010): A Reflective Review of Disruptive Innovation Theory. In International Journal of Management Reviews 12 (4), pp. 435–452.
Published
2023-05-01
How to Cite
Fauzan, A., Cleverin, R., & Prima Lumbaa, S. B. (2023). THE EFFECTS OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY TO R&B MUSIC IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Scientia, 12(02), 1339-1357. https://doi.org/10.58471/scientia.v12i02.1366
