The Reality Of The Level Of Community Participation In Assisting Law Enforcement In Areas Controlled By Terrorist Groups
Keywords:
Terrorism, Fear of Crime, Counter Terrorism Policy, Community Policing, Participation, Qualitative
Abstract
There are many challenges to efforts to eradicate terrorism in Indonesia. In 2021, in Central Sulawesi Province, an operation took place against a terrorist group called the East Indonesian Mujahidin (MIT) through a tough approach carried out by the Indonesian Counter-Terrorism Task Force. It took years to resolve and apparently, there were other important issues. This means that people are afraid to provide important information about the terrorist group to law enforcement officials. This particular situation made it difficult for the CT task force to work. All of the above will be examined from a Criminology perspective on how community participation can influence counter-terrorism. This research will use a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with officers and members of the public who have met directly with terrorist groups in Central Sulawesi. The impact is quite clear that fear of terrorism can influence community participation.
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References
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Brandsch, J., & Python, A. (2020). Provoking Ordinary People: The Effects of Terrorism on Civilian Violence. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 135-165.
Bruinsma, G., & Weisburd, D. (2014). Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Springer Reference.
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Elmas, M. S. (2021). Perceived risk of terrorism, indirect victimization, and individual-level determinants of fear of terrorism. Security Journal, 34(3), 498-524.
Gaber, John. (2019). Buliding "A Ladder of Citizen Participation". Journal of the American Planning Association, 188-201.
Garofalo, J. (1973). The Fear of Crime: Causes and Consequences. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 839-857.
Haner, M., Sloan, M. M., Cullen, F. T., Kulig, T. C., & Jonson, C. L. (2019). Public Concern about Terrorism: Fear, Worry and Support for Anti-Muslim Policies. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 1-16.
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Mardenis, Hilaire., Tegnan. (2018). Designing A Counter-Terrorism Legal Policy Complying With Human Rights And Democracy In Indonesia. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 1-7.
Marwiyah, S. (2014). Model Pemolisian Masyarakat Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Pembalakan Hutan. MODEL PEMOLISIAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN PEMBALAKAN HUTAN.
Mennecier, D., Hendrick, S., Mol, J. D., & Denis, J. (2020). Experience of Victim of Brussels' Terrorists Attacks: An Interpretative Pehonomenological Analysis. Traumatology, 1-9.
Mitra, S. (2019). Controlling Terrorism Through the Nudging of Social Interactions. South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics, 180-190.
Mukhtar, S. (2016). Strategi Pemerintah Indonesia Menghadapi Terorisme Dalam Era Demokratisasi. Reformasi, 6(2).
O'Brien, N. (2012). Social rights and civil society:‘Giving Force’without ‘Enforcement’. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 34(4), 459-470.
Ochs, H. L. (2009). Public participation in policing: The impact of citizen oversight on the incidence of lethal force over time in the largest US cities. Justice Research and Policy, 11(1-2), 105-140.
Omat, I., Guler, A., Kula, S., & Bastug, M. F. (2021). Fear of Terrorism and Fear of Violent Crimes in the United States: A Comparative Analysis. Crime &, 1-24.
Prihandoko, Prihandoko, & SyauqillahMuhamad. (2020). Pattern of Pro-Isis Terrorist Financing In Indonesia: Study About The Santoso Group. ICSGS.
Sawir, Muhammad. (2021). Ilmu Administrasi dan Analisis Kebijakan Publik Konseptual dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Deepublish Publisher.
Setiyono, Joko. (2021). Regulatory Strategies And Legal Issues for Countering Terrorism in Indonesia. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 1-9.
Siegel, L. J. (2012). Criminology: Eleventh Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Sjöberg, L. (2005). The perceived risk of terrorism. Risk Management, 7, 43-61.
Skogan, W. (1986). Fear of Crime and Neighbohood Change. Crime and Justice, 203-229.
Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. science, 236(4799), 280-285.
Subagyo, A. (2021). The implementation of the pentahelix model for the terrorism deradicalization program in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), 1964720.
Sukoco, J. B., Pancawati, G., & Dewi, S. M. (2016). Community Participation to Avoid the Global Terrorism (A Case Study on the Publication of Poetry Anthology of Memo Anti Terorisme by Komunitas Memo Penyair). ICoMS 2016, 305.
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Tilley, Nick, & Sidebottom, Aiden. (2017). Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety. Oxon: Routledge.
Timur, F. G. C., & Syakirin, J. (2018). Peran Community Resilience di Amerika Serikat dan Inggris dalam Upaya Kontra Terorisme. Sospol: Jurnal Sosial Politik, 4(1), 21-36.
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Tumanggor, Eryanto., Robert. (2007). Indonesia's Counter Terrorism Policy. UNISCI Discussion Papers, 87-110.
United Nations (2022, October 29). UN News. Israel’s illegal occupation of Palestinian territory, tantamount to ‘settler-colonialism’: UN expert. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/10/1129942
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). Community policing in Indonesia: A study of selected community policing initiatives in combating terrorism and transnational organized crime. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/documents/indonesia//Community_Policing_Indonesia_FINAL_Web.pdf
Vallee, Michel. (2010). Crime Prevention and Community Safety: A Conceptual Overview. International Journal of Child, 1-20.
Visbal, Melamed., Janiel. (2011). Legal and Democratic Dilemmas in the Counter-Terrorism Struggle: The Targeted Killing Policy. Revista de Derecho, 290-312.
Walsh, J. P. (2017). Moral Panics by Design: The Case of Terrorism. Current Sociology, 643-651
Welsh, C., Brandon, & Farrington, P., David. (2012). The Oxford Handbooks of Crime Prevention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Whitzman, Carolyn. (2008). Handbook of Community Safety, Gender and Violence Prevention: Practical Planning Tools. London: Earthscan
Williams, M. (2004). Discursive democracy and New Labour: five ways in which decision-makers manage citizen agendas in public participation initiatives. Sociological Research Online, 9(3), 1-17.
Alim, F. Y. (2020). Efektivitas Prinsip Perpolisian Masyarakat (POLMAS) di Kelurahan Bonesompe Kecamatan Poso Kota Utara Kabupaten Poso. Jurnal Ilmiah Administratie, 13(1), 32-51.
Aly, A. (2013). The policy response to home-grown terrorism: reconceptualising Prevent and Resilience as collective resistance. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 8(1), 2-18.
Arnstein, R., Sherry. (1969). A Ladder Of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 216-224.
BBC. (2020, November 28). BBC News. Retrieved from BBC News Indonesia: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-55115609
Bey, H. (2003). TAZ: The temporary autonomous zone, ontological anarchy, poetic terrorism. Autonomedia.
Bherer, L., Gauthier, M., & Simard, L. (2021). Developing the public participation field: the role of independent bodies for public participation. Administration & Society, 53(5), 680-707.
Braithwaite, A. (2013). The logic of public fear in terrorism and counter-terrorism. Journal of police and criminal psychology, 28, 95-101.
Brandsch, J., & Python, A. (2020). Provoking Ordinary People: The Effects of Terrorism on Civilian Violence. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 135-165.
Bruinsma, G., & Weisburd, D. (2014). Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice. Springer Reference.
Burke, Barlow. (1971). The Threat to Citizen Participation in Model Cities. Cornell Law Review, 751-778.
Cherney, A., & Hartley, J. (2017). Community engagement to tackle terrorism and violent extremism: challenges, tensions and pitfalls. Policing and society, 27(7), 750-763.
CNN. (2015 November 21). cnnindonesia.com. cnnindonesia.com: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20151121133013-12-93119/jejak-perburuan-santoso-melalui-camar-maleo
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Third Edition. Lincoln: Sage Publication.
Davis, Keith. (2011). Perilaku Dalam Organisasi. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Elmas, M. S. (2021). Perceived risk of terrorism, indirect victimization, and individual-level determinants of fear of terrorism. Security Journal, 34(3), 498-524.
Gaber, John. (2019). Buliding "A Ladder of Citizen Participation". Journal of the American Planning Association, 188-201.
Garofalo, J. (1973). The Fear of Crime: Causes and Consequences. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 839-857.
Haner, M., Sloan, M. M., Cullen, F. T., Kulig, T. C., & Jonson, C. L. (2019). Public Concern about Terrorism: Fear, Worry and Support for Anti-Muslim Policies. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 1-16.
Hardy, K. (2015). Resilience in UK counter-terrorism. Theoretical Criminology, 19(1), 77-94.
Hoffman, A. M., & Shelby, W. (2017). When the "Law of Fear" Do Not Apply: Effective Counterterrorism and the Sense of Security from Terrorism. Political Research Quarterly, 618-631.
Human Rights Watch. (2019). Indonesia: Counterterrorism police violating rights. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/03/26/indonesia-counterterrorism-police-violating-rights
Ikhwanuddin, I., Sinaga, S. P., Nababan, P. M., & Santoso, E. (2020). The Effectiveness Of Counterterrorism In The Red Zone Of Terrorism In Indonesia (Case Study In Bima, West Nusa Tenggara). International Review of Humanities Studies www. irhs. ui. ac. id, e-ISSN, 2477-6866.
Jarvis, L., & Lister, M. (2016). What would you do? Everyday conceptions and constructions of counter-terrorism. Politics, 36(3), 277-291.
Kompas. (2021, Maret 11). kompas.com. Retrieved from regional.kompas.com: https://regional.kompas.com/read/2021/05/11/184057778/korban-serangan-mit ke-desa-di-poso-bertambah-jadi-4-orang
kompas.com. (2019, Maret 4). nasional.kompas.com. Retrieved from kompas.com: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/03/04/15265611/diancam-masyarakat poso-takut-laporkan-informasi-soal-kelompok-mit-ke-polisi
Lawler, E. J. (2001). An Affect Theory of Social Exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 321-352.
Lee, S. Y., Díaz-Puente, J. M., & Martin, S. (2019). The contribution of open government to prosperity of society. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(2), 144-157.
Liska, A. E., Lawrence, J. J., & Sanchirico, A. (1982). Fear of Crime as Social Fact. Social Forces, 760-770.
Mardenis, Hilaire., Tegnan. (2018). Designing A Counter-Terrorism Legal Policy Complying With Human Rights And Democracy In Indonesia. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 1-7.
Marwiyah, S. (2014). Model Pemolisian Masyarakat Sebagai Upaya Penanggulangan Pembalakan Hutan. MODEL PEMOLISIAN MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN PEMBALAKAN HUTAN.
Mennecier, D., Hendrick, S., Mol, J. D., & Denis, J. (2020). Experience of Victim of Brussels' Terrorists Attacks: An Interpretative Pehonomenological Analysis. Traumatology, 1-9.
Mitra, S. (2019). Controlling Terrorism Through the Nudging of Social Interactions. South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics, 180-190.
Mukhtar, S. (2016). Strategi Pemerintah Indonesia Menghadapi Terorisme Dalam Era Demokratisasi. Reformasi, 6(2).
O'Brien, N. (2012). Social rights and civil society:‘Giving Force’without ‘Enforcement’. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 34(4), 459-470.
Ochs, H. L. (2009). Public participation in policing: The impact of citizen oversight on the incidence of lethal force over time in the largest US cities. Justice Research and Policy, 11(1-2), 105-140.
Omat, I., Guler, A., Kula, S., & Bastug, M. F. (2021). Fear of Terrorism and Fear of Violent Crimes in the United States: A Comparative Analysis. Crime &, 1-24.
Prihandoko, Prihandoko, & SyauqillahMuhamad. (2020). Pattern of Pro-Isis Terrorist Financing In Indonesia: Study About The Santoso Group. ICSGS.
Sawir, Muhammad. (2021). Ilmu Administrasi dan Analisis Kebijakan Publik Konseptual dan Praktik. Yogyakarta: Deepublish Publisher.
Setiyono, Joko. (2021). Regulatory Strategies And Legal Issues for Countering Terrorism in Indonesia. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 1-9.
Siegel, L. J. (2012). Criminology: Eleventh Edition. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Sjöberg, L. (2005). The perceived risk of terrorism. Risk Management, 7, 43-61.
Skogan, W. (1986). Fear of Crime and Neighbohood Change. Crime and Justice, 203-229.
Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. science, 236(4799), 280-285.
Subagyo, A. (2021). The implementation of the pentahelix model for the terrorism deradicalization program in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1), 1964720.
Sukoco, J. B., Pancawati, G., & Dewi, S. M. (2016). Community Participation to Avoid the Global Terrorism (A Case Study on the Publication of Poetry Anthology of Memo Anti Terorisme by Komunitas Memo Penyair). ICoMS 2016, 305.
Sulistyo, H., Achwan, R., & Soetrisno, B. R. (2002). Beyond terrorism: Dampak dan strategi pada masa depan. Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
The Jakarta Post. (2021, June 16). Community participation key to preventing terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/06/16/community-participation-key-to-preventing-terrorism.html
Tilley, Nick, & Sidebottom, Aiden. (2017). Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety. Oxon: Routledge.
Timur, F. G. C., & Syakirin, J. (2018). Peran Community Resilience di Amerika Serikat dan Inggris dalam Upaya Kontra Terorisme. Sospol: Jurnal Sosial Politik, 4(1), 21-36.
TribunNews. (2021, Juni 2). tribunpalu.com. Retrieved from tribunpalu.com: https://palu.tribunnews.com/2021/06/02/wabup-poso-ungkap-warganya-enggan beraktivitas-di-kebun-karena-takut-teroris
Tumanggor, Eryanto., Robert. (2007). Indonesia's Counter Terrorism Policy. UNISCI Discussion Papers, 87-110.
United Nations (2022, October 29). UN News. Israel’s illegal occupation of Palestinian territory, tantamount to ‘settler-colonialism’: UN expert. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/10/1129942
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). Community policing in Indonesia: A study of selected community policing initiatives in combating terrorism and transnational organized crime. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/documents/indonesia//Community_Policing_Indonesia_FINAL_Web.pdf
Vallee, Michel. (2010). Crime Prevention and Community Safety: A Conceptual Overview. International Journal of Child, 1-20.
Visbal, Melamed., Janiel. (2011). Legal and Democratic Dilemmas in the Counter-Terrorism Struggle: The Targeted Killing Policy. Revista de Derecho, 290-312.
Walsh, J. P. (2017). Moral Panics by Design: The Case of Terrorism. Current Sociology, 643-651
Welsh, C., Brandon, & Farrington, P., David. (2012). The Oxford Handbooks of Crime Prevention. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Whitzman, Carolyn. (2008). Handbook of Community Safety, Gender and Violence Prevention: Practical Planning Tools. London: Earthscan
Williams, M. (2004). Discursive democracy and New Labour: five ways in which decision-makers manage citizen agendas in public participation initiatives. Sociological Research Online, 9(3), 1-17.
Published
2024-06-26
How to Cite
Fahmi Sidiq. (2024). The Reality Of The Level Of Community Participation In Assisting Law Enforcement In Areas Controlled By Terrorist Groups. Jurnal Scientia, 13(03), 166-180. Retrieved from https://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/pendidikan/article/view/2486
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Articles
